In quest of the master weaver of the Kodiyala sarees

My readers and followers on social media are aware of my love for everything handmade. From handicrafts to handlooms, I have a liking for everything with a human touch. Today’s story is also about one such discovery of a handmade product.

It was on the first Sunday of October 2025, to be precise. I was at the ‘Kaaranu Kodupo’, an annual ceremony of Ancestral worship at the Ainmane- the ancestral home of our family. Once the ceremony was over, lunch followed. All the uncles, aunts and distant cousins who had been meeting after a long time had formed small groups and got busy catching up on conversations that hadn’t happened for a long time. Meanwhile, my mom noticed one of my cousins and complimented her on her saree. Upon enquiry about where she had got it from, she mentioned that the saree was part of her wedding trousseau, put together with collections from Kodiyala village in Mandya district. It was the first time I was hearing of the place. I quickly browsed the place on my phone and came across the history of the Kodiyala sarees.

The Streets of Kodiyala village
The Streets of Kodiyala village

I spoke with a friend who shares an interest in handlooms, and we decided to visit a place we hadn’t known about until then. We boarded a train from Bangalore to Srirangapatna, then a KSRTC bus, which dropped us off at Kodiyala. It was a ‘Y’ junction. We were wondering which of the two divergent roads to take. We chose the one that looked a little denser than the other, with packed buildings and shops. As we entered the road, we realised that almost all the structures were quite old, probably dating back to the colonial era or the time of the Mysore Rajas. Some have been maintained in excellent condition. As we walked straight along the same main road, we hit a dead end, arriving at a large temple pond. A granite plaque placed next to it indicated that it had been commissioned much later.

The temple tank at Kodiyala
The temple tank at Kodiyala

We turned back and took one of the crossroads. That’s when we heard the first sound of a loom. It was a steady, rhythmic hum from a power loom, which affirmed the journey we had undertaken so far. But we walked past several muddy streets, with cattle, both bovine and goats, tied outside houses, in search of a Kodiyala handloom that we had read about on Google. The humble smell of the village and the constant sound of the machines kept us company, but none of what we wanted had been spotted.

A lady who had been watching us walk around aimlessly on the street in front of her house paused to ask us what we wanted. We told her that we had been looking to buy authentic Kodiyala sarees, and she introduced herself as a weaver. We were excited and accepted her invitation to walk up to the first floor of her house. She displayed the collection she had at home, but we had to politely refuse them all, as they were all made on a power loom set up on the ground floor of their house. On the parallel street, we then walked into a random house with a cow dung-smeared floor and a low-rise clay-tiled roof. An old man greeted us with a smile and stopped the machine that was creating noise around him. We enquired with him about the looms, and he told us how almost 99% of the weavers in the village had adopted power looms, and there was no one in his known circles who still wove sarees the old-school way. We were heartbroken.

Houses with looms at Kodiyala village
Houses with looms at Kodiyala village

We continued to walk slowly, observing around for the universe’s hints and reached the ‘Y’ junction again. We took the other side of the road, and the same drill began. This time, the streets looked wider, and the houses looked a little more elaborate. Probably, the elite of the time bygone lived in this part of the village. As we walked, we saw a group of old women sitting on the verandah of one of the houses and sharing a fun discussion while stringing flowers. They asked us if we were looking for something or someone. We told them that we were casually walking around the pretty village and trying to find someone who made handwoven Kodiyala sarees. They were surprised and told us that they all used to be weavers themselves. They invited us over to their house for some coffee and showed us around their house.

It was a beautiful courtyard home, one end of which opened to a large garden behind. They showed us old photos and pits inside the house, which were now only memories of the handlooms that had been operated a couple of years ago. Though they are all third- or fourth-generation weavers based in the Mysore region, they all spoke Telugu at home. While we enquired about their mother tongue, they enlightened us a little more about the history of how Kodiyala, the weaving village, came into existence.

Snippets of Everyday life at Kodiyala
Snippets of Everyday life at Kodiyala

Generations ago, when severe hardships devastated weaving communities in Andhra Pradesh, thousands of skilled artisans were left without work, food, or shelter. Recognising the value of their extraordinary craftsmanship, the Wodeyar rulers of Mysore invited these weavers to settle within their kingdom. Handlooms were established in Kodiyala, allowing the artisans to rebuild their lives with dignity while preserving their ancestral craft. Belonging to the Padmashali community, these artisans soon became the official weavers to the Mysore royalty, renowned for crafting exquisite cotton sarees for everyday royal wear. This royal patronage ensured steady livelihoods while nurturing their traditional artistry across generations. Inspired by the beauty of life in the Mysore kingdom, Kodiyala sarees evolved into timeless expressions of local culture. Delicate motifs drawn from native flora, fauna, and architecture became signatures of the weave, earning Kodiyala sarees a reputation for refined craftsmanship, understated elegance, and quality worthy of royalty.

Today, however, the traditional handlooms of Kodiyala face an uncertain future. The rise of power looms has gradually replaced the painstaking artistry of hand weaving, pushing this heritage craft toward the brink of extinction. Only a handful of master Kodiyala handloom weavers remain across the Mysore region, continuing to uphold a tradition once treasured by royal households.

The handlooms of Kodiayala

It was indeed an insightful meeting with this family. We thanked them for their hospitality and knowledge sharing and bid them goodbye. But at the end of this story, did we find what we had come looking for? Hell! yeah! We had our luck hidden in this house. They got us in touch with one of their relatives who continued to hand-weave the cotton sarees, just the old way. Among the 99% of the weavers who adopted powerloom, he is the remaining 1% who continued to nurture this art and preserve the beautiful Kodiyala saree weaving tradition. We got an opportunity to visit his loom and understand the working of a handloom and a Kodiyala- Weave, from where we bought our first authentic Kodiyala Hand-woven cotton saree. But that’s for another story 🙂

A Day on the Old Silk Route

It was long travelling distances leading to high altitude destinations, where cold winds were abundant and oxygen levels lower. For those of us travelling across North and East Sikkim, it had been a long and a tiring trip thus far. Each day of our weeklong travel through this little but important Indian state had been a different experience.

This post is part of our weeklong stay in Sikkim covering Gangtok – Mangan – Lachen – Gurudongmar- Lachung- Zero point – Rumtek – Gangtok – Nathula – Zuluk – Siliguri

Long ago, I had seen a jaw dropping photograph of the old silk-route winding and passing through Sikkim. It had since been my wish to see that view in real. The old silk-route had once served as a major trade route connecting China with the rest of Asia and Middle east. During this trip in Sikkim, we decided to drive along that scenic route during our exit from this tiny state. Hence, the route chosen by us was: Gangtok > Tsongmo/Changu lake > Nathula Pass > Nathang valley > Lungthung village > Thambi viewpoint > Zuluk >Rangpo > Siliguri

The Details:

Only Indian nationals are permitted on this stretch of East Sikkim and an inner line permit was obtained from Gangtok on the morning of our departure.

It had been a cloudy day since dawn break and the drive for the initial stretch felt pleasant as we passed through the wavering peace flags all along the highway. We learnt about the significance of these peace posts in Buddhist culture while conversing with our taxi driver. The white flags are installed in memory of a deceased person by their kith. Similarly, the multicolored flags are believed to bring good luck. Ideally, these flags are supposed to be installed high up in the mountains where the winds are stronger. The wind is believed to free-up the soul of the deceased or bring good energy, depending on the flag’s colour. With reducing space for hoisting more flags and the ease of finding a hoisting place by the roadside, it is now common to find them all along the highways of this Buddhist majority state.

Sooner, the clouds cleared up making way for a gleaming sun in the blue sky. We arrived at the Tsomgo lake in a while. It is a serene lake that is popular among the tourists. We clicked a few photos with the yaks grazing around its periphery before proceeding towards the Indo-China border at Nathula pass.

Nathula was crowded. People were amok and erratic. They had no idea what to expect at an international border. Some were standing in attention with a salute to the Indian tricolor, some were touching and praying the fence that marked the border. Some were putting their feet across the barbed wire to get a feel of going to China and a few more were busy chasing the men in uniform of the Indian army for selfies. And for us, it was a urge to run back to the warmth of the heater of our vehicle 😛 It was biting cold even during the peak of the day. We walked up to the point, saw the border gates of both India and China, the respective embassy buildings, the Chinese and the Indian army camps posted high up and also got a distant view of the mountains that marked Bhutan. We did a quick walk through, taking in all the good views and returned to our vehicle as quickly as we could.

The view enroute Nathula pass
The view enroute Nathula pass Photo credit: Varsha J.

After squeezing out of the maddening crowd at Nathula, we continued our journey towards Nathang valley, only to be stuck in one of the worst traffic jams we had experienced in Sikkim. The last and the major destination on a typical touristy circuit is the temple of Baba Harbhajan Singh. Baba Harbhajan Singh is a folklore hero and an ex-army soldier whose spirit is believed to be roaming around the place, protecting the soldiers posted at this extreme terrain. There are old and the new temples dedicated to him, both maintained by the Indian army. We managed to find our way out of the choco block and continued towards Nathang valley.

Beyond the army temple, I can conveniently say that it was just us all the way. The roads were deserted, except for some BRO trucks and excavators clearing up the landslide prone path and laying new roads. We passed through what the army claims to be world’s highest altitude golf course, several army camps and tiny discrete civilian settlements along our way. Our drive through Nathang valley, thereafter, was something beyond comprehension for our senses, it was so beautiful!

All that we had envisaged of this journey at the time of commencing this drive was passing through a viewpoint and reaching Siliguri for the night’s stay. But as the journey unfolded, we were in for surprises. That day, the clouds had embraced the valley like never before. The road that we were driving on, seemed as if it was curving around the edge of the land. It was clear blue sky with the sun beaming bright and the thick clouds engulfing the horizon. The rhododendron plants had blanketed the entire valley, which I’m sure must be a visual delight during their blooming season. We stopped, like at every half a mile to capture the landscape in our cameras, alas justice be done to what the human eyes saw.

The drive through Nathang valley
Driving through the edge, above the clouds at Nathang valley

But by late afternoon, the sun had started to descend to the horizon and the fog had taken over again. Our visibility of the road ahead and the possibility to see the view that we wanted, had both now become zero. Our driver soon pulled off our vehicle at a tiny settlement enroute to enquire for availability of a place for us to stay for the night. Lungthung is a tiny village on the valley, with barely 3-4 houses, that too made with metal sheets. By staying in a homestay there, we were going to be the only outsiders for that night at Lungthung!

The mercury level was already below zero. But as the night rolled in, the winds too got stronger. The clouds cleared up and the stars and the planets shone brighter than ever. It was our last night at Sikkim and the coldest too! Even as we sat inside the host’s dining room, relishing the handmade thenthuk, we felt like our roof was going to be taken away by the winds. No amount of firewood could keep us warm. Even if we simply stood up for a moment to adjust our seats, they would freeze again. But as I said earlier, it was our last evening at Sikkim before we got back to the grind. There was no way we would hit the bed early. We sat outside, counting stars quite literally… The sky was clear, the moon lit up the road below and a lone filament bulb illuminated a roof at a little distance. Apart from an occasional goods carrying army truck that toughed it out on the slope, there was no civilization around us for miles together… It was an experience so wonderful that we hadn’t imagined about remotely, even a few hours ago… Not in my wildest dreams, had I imagined that I would live a day of my life ON the silk-route!!

The moonlit view of the silk route as seen from Lungthung homestay
The moonlit view of the silk route and the clouds as seen from Lungthung homestay

Anyway, not really being able to sleep due to cold temperature and the noisy sheets fluttering outside our room, we still rolled into our blankets and set an alarm to wake up early. Our host at the homestay had recommended to walk down the road for sunrise…

The following morning, it was almost impossible for me to even think of coming out of the blanket. I snoozed the alarm a couple of times. But then something happened. My eyes had one glance at the window glass, and it was enough motivation for me to get my butt off the bed. It was a breaking dawn…. The sky had a streak of deep red, visible right at my window, seen from my bed…. It was for sure, unusual from any normal day. The view made me forget the cold and barge outside to not miss the complete visuals of an unfolding day… I woke my brother up and my friends and we all raced towards the viewpoint that we were told about. We didn’t mind slipping down a couple of times on the frozen roads.

The sun rising over Kanchenjunga at Thambi view point
The sun rising over Kanchenjunga at Thambi view point

At such high altitude and low temperature, the running didn’t help to warm us up. As we reached the viewpoint, we were panting for breath and had our jaws dropping. We were gasping, awestruck in amazement at the sight around us, chattering due to the freezing temperature and everything else happened to us at the same time. The moment is inexplainable!

The old silk route at Zuluk valley
The old silk route at Zuluk valley, as seen from Thambi view point during sunrise

We were standing at Thambi viewpoint and had lost the sense of place for that moment. The Kanchenjunga had lit up in crimson in just a few minutes and the winding roads through Zuluk valley appeared deep down in a while. It was a day and an experience like never before! It was our last day at Sikkim and I could only say that the best was indeed saved for the end!

This article has been featured in Deccan Herald National daily’s Travel supplement on 29-May-2022 Edition. Click here to read.

Two Premier Institutes of India- A shared history

HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited), Asia’s largest and India’s first aerospace establishment was founded and is headquartered in Bangalore. If you want to walk down this journey of how aviation industry has evolved in India, a visit to the HAL Aerospace Museum, India’s first aviation museum located at the HAL premises is highly recommended. From the first aircraft, Harlow PC to be assembled at its stables to manufacturing the most modern helicopters, planes and equipment for present day requirements of the Indian airfare, navy, railways and space research, HAL’s journey has been a long one. One is bound to get amused in another world by taking a walk between vintage planes, flight simulators, mock ATC and all things associated in this subject of fantasy at the museum hall. Now, this place leads me to my next destination: The IISc (Indian Institute of Science).

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An exhibit of the Pushpak aircraft at HAL

That morning, I had ordered a plate of idlis at this little restaurant on the IISc campus. Just like any other day at that restaurant, the environment was abuzz with the chitter chatter of the people I was surrounded by. A typical scene on any given day includes the best scientists of India and abroad discussing new experiments over a plate of food in what is one of the premier research institutes in the country! Irony has it that similar discussions happened under the same roof, sometime in history. But back then, the discussions were about something more strategic and destructive. It was right here that a bunch of people discussed a war plot. What is now the top-of-the-notch science and technology institution in India, served as a hub for maintenance and repairs of the aircrafts during World-War II.

In the late 1930s, a factory meant for automobile maintenance was setup by an industrialist named Walchand Hirachand in the present day IISc campus. History has it that on his way to China, Hirachand chanced upon a meeting with William D. Pawley who was attached to the Intercontinental Aircraft Corporation of New York, an American aircraft exporter. This connection lead to the procurement of the necessary tools and equipment from the US to setup an aircraft production line in India. It was in December 1940, with funds from the Mysore state, the Hindustan Aircraft Private Limited came into being. The plan was to manufacture the Harlow trainer, Hawk fighter and the Vultee attack bombers at this factory. However, this required huge manpower that was trained in Aeronautics which lead to the establishment of the department of Aeronautical engineering.

A 1942 file photo of the HAL main gate
A 1942 file photo of the HAL main gate. Photo courtesy: HAL museum gallery

The structure that housed the aeronautical engineering department was designed by German architect Otto Koenigsberger. Otto Koenigsberger was a young Jew who had fled his country during the Nazi regime and was later in time, employed as the government architect of the erstwhile Mysore state. His architectural design is an amalgamation of European and traditional Indian styles and can also be seen in the present-day metallurgical department and the hostel office on the IISc campus along with many structures across India. Talking about the aeronautical engineering building- it is an oblong structure with high ceilings and narrow corridors that integrated natural climate control. He has also designed the closed-circuit wind Tunnel, the first of its kind in India and hydrogen plant among other things that are associated with aircrafts. With all the technical back up from IISc, it was in 1941 that Hindustan Aircraft Limited (HAL) assembled the first aircraft in India: A Harlow PC-5.

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Meanwhile, the threat posed by Imperial Japan loomed large in the on-going World War II because of which there was a need by the British Royal Air Force to boost its military hardware supplies in Asia. With all likelihood, HAL was most suitable as a base for the South East Asia Command of the allied forces for servicing their aircrafts. Hence, all the aircraft manufacturing plans in India were abandoned to support the repair and overhaul services of the American aircrafts and the factory was eventually taken over by the US Army Air Forces in 1943. This led to rapid expansion in the facilities and became the 84th Air depot for overhaul and repair of American aircrafts during WWII. The very same hydrogen plant on the IISc premises was used as a loading dock to supply hydrogen for the American aircrafts. Later in 1964, the factory was taken over by the Government of India and has morphed into the modern-day Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in its present-day location. However, the original Aeronautical engineering department continues to contribute enormously towards research and has its own little airstrip on the present day IISc campus.

As I finished my plate of idlis, I wondered how unassuming I was. This deceptively functional place had just served my meal that had just been cooked inside a hydrogen plant that powered the military aircrafts during WWII.

This article featured in the ‘Spectrum’ supplement of Deccan Herald National daily, on February 01, 2020 edition.

Treading the living root bridges- Nongriat

As kids, we always imagined fairies with wings flying amidst colourful gardens, rope like creepers hanging across the forest thickets, rainbows emerging on the tranquil sky. Do you agree when I say this is how most of the animated movies depict fairy tales ? Nestled deep in the rich forests of Meghalaya; with NO exaggeration, that’s how I would describe this village called Nongriat!

This post is part of my fortnight long road trip across North-east India, specifically covering parts of Meghalaya – Assam – Arunachal Pradesh I had tagged along with two other travelers and drove around the state of Meghalaya visiting Shillong – Smit – Cherrapunjee – Mawlynnong – Dawki – Ribhoi- Shillong.

A pleasant drive through the breathtakingly beautiful valleys and naturally formed creepy high limestone walls brought us to a village called Tyrna in Cherrapunjee. That’s where the tarmac ends and our car had to be parked. Further, we trekked down to the Nongriat village: where the ‘Umshiang bridge’ or popularly called ‘the double decker root bridge’ exists. One needs to climb over 2500 steps each way, so that this piece of marvel can be seen at close quarters. Root bridges are created by inter-weaving the roots of the rubber tree by the tribal folks who live in the deep forests of Meghalaya for their local commute across the bloated rivers during monsoon. A bridge fit for usage can take a minimum of a couple of decades and it only gets stronger with age. There are several such living root bridges across Meghalaya and most of them continue to be untouched by the tourists due to their remoteness. We were here, to tread on some of the most popular living root-bridges of Meghalaya.

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The route to Tyrna village

Although, there is a well laid out path of stairs all the way, we thought it was wiser to have a localite who would enrich us with the facts and figures that we wouldn’t get to learn otherwise. At Tyrna, we met a Khasi villager from Nongriat who agreed upon to guide us through our trek. We passed through several sacred groves and areca farms belonging to the villagers. After decending about 1000 steps, a small deviation to the right indicated the way to Nongthymmai village. We took this deviation to reach the ‘Ritymmen root bridge’ a single bridge and another old one next to it which has taken its toll due to the negligence by the localites. Our hearts were jumping with joy at the first experience of treading on a living root bridge, that we had only read about until then… I decided to throw my shoes away for a while and enjoy the feeling of walking barefoot on the bridge.

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The Rythimmen bridge at Nongthymmai village

After spending some time, we decided to continue the trek and our new friend cum guide, continued to enlighten us about the rich traditions and culture of the Khasis. We stopped by for a quick breakfast at a straw hut selling 2-minute noodles and lemon tea. Further, a short climb of stairs continued only to be awestruck by the marvel of indigenous engineering: The double decker root bridge, the main motivation for us to trek this far. It was like fantasy out of a fairytale: creepers hanging across a little waterfall, fed by a pristine river in the middle of nowhere! It was tempting to get our feet wet as we watched a few tourists who had stayed in the Khasi homes around the root-bridge over the previous night and enjoying their swim in the cold waters. However, spending some time admiring this piece of absolute marvel, we decided to move ahead, towards our next mission: Rainbow falls!

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Entry bridge to Nongriat village

Nature’s best kept secrets are those which are untouched due to their remoteness. Rainbow waterfalls being one of those. The small number of tourists who make it till the double decker bridge seemed to have had disappeared there onwards. The tiring path ahead was going to be tiring, we were told. But, nothing comes easy.

I was doing this trip post monsoon (October to be precise) and that’s when the caterpillar larvae take wings! Like winged fairies, we were greeted and accompanied by butterflies of all colours, shapes and sizes all along the stretch from Umshiang bridge (the local name for the double-decker bridge) till the rainbow falls. We had to be extremely cautious while walking, clear the way for ourselves with a stick, lest accidentally step on these little winged beauties. The path was so full of butterflies, that it cannot be expressed with words and the joy can only be experienced. Truly, in every sense: I was Alice, walking in wonderland!

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Another root bridge enroute to Rainbow falls

It was a walk of nearly 2hours through the thickets of the sacred forests and crossing at least 5 other root bridges and a couple of metal rope bridges that were laid across the deep river that flowed down with its seductive clear blue waters. After the brisk climb, we had finally arrived at the place where a hidden jewel of nature unfolded itself, from amid the greens…

We stood there in AWE….. the green trees and bushes had opened up to display a canvas with milky white waters gracefully tumbling down into a pool of turquoise blue and a hundred fairies flying around us. A dozen spectrums added to this heavenly scenery! On a clear sunny day, there could be 50-100 spectrums around the waterfall, giving the place its name: Rainbow falls! We enjoyed a couple of hours in calm just by sitting beside the naturally formed swimming pool as we were the only people in this fairyland and restoring our lost bond with nature that was shared long ago.

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The Rainbow falls

As described by our guide, camping at the Mawsmai caves (2hours trek further) and climbing up the hill to be greeted by the Nohkalikai waterfalls, the highest waterfall in India would have been a complete story! Unfortunately, we hadn’t known much about the enchanting beauty of this trek before embarking on it and had no preparations now, to have it extended further. So now, it was well past afternoon and distance that required to be walked back was long. The sun sets early in this part of India and that meant that we had very less time of daylight left. During our return, we stopped by at another hut near the Umshiang bridge for a late lunch where we relished a simple Khasi meal of rice and bitter lime curry.

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A metal rope bridge near Rainbow falls

The walk back from there onwards was taxing and it is a very steep climb up the 2500 odd stairs.. I stopped several times at the little homes and stalls put up by the villagers on the way to keep myself hydrated with the local energy drinks and fruit juices. I cannot forget the way our guide cum friend Denzil kept motivating me to complete the stretch. He kept reducing the count of steps by hundreds so that I would climb faster with the intention of reaching the top ASAP. Finally, I was back at Tyrna, even while there was sufficient sunlight for us to drive back to Cherrapunjee.

A small deviation from Tyrna will lead one to ‘Ummunoi root bridge’ in the Laitkynsew village, one of the oldest bridges in the viscinity. It has been truly a very refreshing way to explore ‘the abode of the clouds- Meghalaya’.

Conclusion remarks:

  • For all trekking enthusiasts, a two day trek covering Laitkynsew, Nongriat, Mawsmai and Nohkalikai is highly recommended.
  • Although, we missed to trek up to the Nohkalikai falls, we made sure that we camped overnight at a spot facing this waterfall and caught the view of the sun rising over the Nohkalikai waterfalls!

My First Job at the Car Hospital

If you are new on my website, WELCOME! If you have been following me for sometime, you may be already aware that I graduated with a degree in Mechanical Engineering and soon after graduation, I was recruited by one of the LARGEST automobile manufacturers in the world! It is every mechanical engineer’s dream to be able to pursue a job in the same field that we studied. I was lucky to have JUST that.. My first job gave me an opportunity to work closely with cars with a sort of freedom that I had seen only in documentaries or on episodes of Top-Gear on BBC.

But, Since there are SO many things I involved in my roles and responsbilities in this position, that I often find it difficult to explain it in a ‘ley man’s’ language. The simplest I can call myself is a ‘Car Doctor’. In this post, I would like to share what I do (apart from writing travel articles) on a daily basis, in my first job at the car hospital.

<14-Sept-11> I’m on the mezanine floor….

A cap whose colour is forgotten behind the thick layer of oil & grease, a pair of knitted white gloves which now look like dark leather ones with the dirt, black heavy leather shoes with metal cover for the toes, newly introduced punk looking helmets which make me look like a cyclist, arm covers, wrist guards, goggles- the deep sea diving types…. These are my safety gears at work… and I’m all set for some action..!!!

I’m told that there’s some problem with the shoulder joints(the front door hinges) and he needs a physio- so I ripped both the hands(the front doors) apart.. His eyes (headlamps) were flickering.. And I checked for some electric signals that the brain sent across.. The MIL(Malfunction Indication Lamp) was glowing.. So I removed the eyes out of the skull. Even then, the MIL was on. Now, it was time to pull out the nose and dig deep into the nostrils (the hood and everything under). Then, the spine (the steering column) came out. It was then time to shave the head off (the dashboard/ Instrument panel covers) and I directly pulled out all the nerves (wiring harness) that I could catch in a grab. The signals continued… I removed the medulla (immobilizer ECU), cerebrum (theft warning ECU), cerebellum (injector drivers) and the current flow still continued.. I have removed out every possible source of these signals and now I know the source is “the Master Control- The engine ECU”. It is in my hand right now. Yes, the blinking has stopped!

My job doesn’t end there. In fact, it starts only now.. So, there I am.. Investigating which Neuron (circuit on the PCB) lead to this current outburst.. I broke open a few capacitors and relays. The resistors were already ripped apart.. and finally found the culprit… Unbelievable but true- a tiny ant had pee-d on one of the soldered circuits which lead to corrosion which in turn caused the malfunction of the brain. Hmm…

But my work continues… I will now send the part to the supplier(literally..!!) and follow up with him to identify the root cause and take countermeasure on priority..!!!

OKAY…!!! So, I’m Dr.Neurologist cum dermatologist here… I work with the brain(ECU) and nerves(all electrical and body parts)

But there is a cardiologist too.. My colleague-friend: He treats all heart related ailments (Engines).

And there’s an orthopaedician too- he treats the limbs (the chassis, suspension systems etc.)

We are the soldiers guarding the Siachen border- We have complete freedom to rip a person apart- part by part and win accolades for it.. Destruction gives us all a complete sense of accomplishment.

We are rarely idle. But, when we think we are, we put back everything and go for a long drive.

And then, we are back for yet another postmortem..!!

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One of my patients- during the regular check up on the test track

Ofcourse, I have MUCH better pictures of my patients going through even worse treatments.. But, I had to rely on this internet photo for confidential policies 🙂

Picture courtesy: Google images

Click here to read about out my next job assignments.

  1. The inevitable change- Job rotation
  2. Monsoon- Showers of hope

Click here for other daily inspirations from work:

  1. Things I Learnt, the Toyota way
  2. My breakfast platter- Baat-O-Bath
  3. India Unlock 1.0- Going back to school

PNR Status Explained: WL, RAC and CNF Made Simple

From Waitlist to Confirmed: How to Actually Read Your PNR

Few things in Indian travel cause as much quiet anxiety as a string of letters on a train ticket. WL. RAC. CNF. For my first few trips, I genuinely did not know whether I would have a berth until I reached the platform. Once I understood what these codes actually mean, that anxiety vanished. Reading your reservation is a skill, and like most skills, it is simple once someone explains it clearly.

Here is everything I wish I had known the first time I stared at a waitlisted ticket.

What your reservation status really tells you

In one line: your pnr status tells you whether you have a confirmed berth, a shared one, or none yet and how your position is changing as departure nears.

Every ticket carries a 10-digit Passenger Name Record number. That number is the key to every update. As other passengers cancel before the journey, waitlisted and RAC tickets move up. Checking your status simply shows you where you stand in that queue at any moment.

This matters because Indian Railways carries around 21 million passengers a day, and confirmed berths on popular routes are genuinely scarce. A waitlisted ticket is not a dead end; it is a position in a line that keeps moving.

The three codes that decide your journey

Almost everything you need comes down to three statuses.

When I see CNF, I stop checking and start packing. When I see RAC, I know I am travelling for certain, just possibly sharing a side berth for part of the journey. When I see WL, I watch the number and prepare a backup.

Decoding the waitlist numbers

A waitlist is not one thing. The letters before “WL” tell you how likely it is to clear, and this is the detail most travellers miss.

  • GNWL (General Waitlist): the most common and the most likely to confirm.
  • RLWL (Remote Location Waitlist): issued for intermediate stations; clears more slowly.
  • PQWL (Pooled Quota Waitlist): shared across several stations; confirmation is harder.
  • TQWL (Tatkal Waitlist): for Tatkal bookings; clears only if Tatkal tickets are cancelled.

If my ticket reads “GNWL 4,” I am usually relaxed. If it reads “PQWL 20,” I start looking at alternatives straight away.

When to hold your plan and when to switch

This is the practical heart of reading your reservation. Over many trips I developed a rough decision guide.

The key is to decide early. A waitlisted ticket checked the night before leaves you no time to react. Checked a few days out, it gives you options.

A real example of the queue in motion

On one trip my ticket started at GNWL 9 about ten days before travel. I checked every couple of days rather than obsessively. Five days out it was GNWL 4. Two days out it was RAC. By the morning of travel it read CNF, with a confirmed lower berth. Nothing I did changed the outcome, but watching the queue move meant I never panicked and never wasted money on a needless backup booking.

How booking choices affect your odds

Smart irctc ticket booking habits improve your chances before the waitlist game even begins. A few that consistently help:

  1. Book the moment the 60-day window opens for high-demand routes.
  2. Prefer GNWL over other waitlist types when you have a choice of trains.
  3. Consider a slightly less popular train on the same route with a shorter waitlist.
  4. Keep documents ready, since you must carry valid ID to travel.

What happens if a waitlisted ticket does not clear

It helps to know the rules so you are never caught out. For online tickets, a fully waitlisted ticket that does not confirm is generally cancelled automatically, and the fare is refunded. The cancellation charges that apply to confirmed tickets, for reference, around ₹120 for Sleeper, ₹180 for 3A and ₹200 for 2A when cancelled at least 48 hours before departure, do not hurt your wallet the same way on an unconfirmed online ticket. Knowing this removes the fear of “losing everything” on a waitlist, which is what pushes many travellers into panic decisions.

How chart preparation decides your berth

A detail that removed most of my waitlist anxiety was understanding when the queue actually settles. The reservation chart is usually prepared a few hours before the train departs from its origin. That is the moment most waitlisted and RAC tickets receive their final answer, as the system incorporates all cancellations up to that point.

Practically, this means:

  • Until the chart is prepared, your status can still improve as others cancel.
  • Most movement happens in the last day or two, when plans firm up across thousands of passengers.
  • Once the chart is out, your status is effectively final for that journey.

Knowing this stops the urge to refresh every hour. The useful checks are a few days out, when you still have time to arrange a backup, and once more around chart preparation, when you get your real answer.

Checking your status without obsessing

Early on, I checked my reservation a dozen times a day and felt worse for it. A waitlist number that has not moved in two hours is not bad news; it simply means no one has cancelled in that window. A calmer rhythm serves you far better.

This rhythm gives you all the information you need at the moments it actually matters, without turning the days before a trip into a waiting game.

A simple way to act on what you see

When the status updates, my response is almost automatic now:

  1. CNF: pack and travel; nothing more to do.
  2. RAC: travel as planned and expect a shared side berth.
  3. Low GNWL with days to go: hold; it will most likely clear.
  4. High or pooled waitlist near departure: arrange a backup, often a state-run bus, before it is too late.

The whole point of reading your reservation is to turn uncertainty into a decision. Once you can do that, a string of letters on a ticket stops being a source of dread and becomes just another piece of useful travel information.

Frequently asked questions

What does PNR status confirmed mean? A confirmed status, shown as CNF, means a full berth has been allotted to you with a specific coach and seat number. You can board and travel without any further uncertainty.

Can I board the train with an RAC ticket? Yes. An RAC ticket allows you to board and gives you a shared side berth. There is a strong chance it upgrades to a full berth as other passengers cancel before departure.

Will a waitlisted ticket get confirmed? It depends on the waitlist type and number. A low General Waitlist (GNWL) usually clears, while a high Pooled or Remote Location Waitlist is less certain. Check a few days ahead so you can plan a backup if needed.

What happens to a waitlisted ticket booked online? If an online ticket remains fully waitlisted and does not confirm, it is generally cancelled automatically and the fare refunded, so you are not left stranded with a useless ticket.

How often should I check my reservation status? There is no need to check obsessively. Note your status at booking, check once a few days before travel to decide whether to hold or arrange a backup, then once more around chart preparation for the near-final result.

A Grand Celebration of Masks- Padayani Festival at Othera

Continued from ‘Celebrating the chariot of light- Purapaadu Festival at Cheriyanaad

In my previous post, I had told you that I returned to Pattanamthitta more often than I expected. I was in Chengannur again to experience yet another festival. In this post, I am going to talk about my experience of the Padayani festival at Othera.

Padayani loosely translates to ‘Row of warriors’ in Malayalam. It is a ritualistic art form involving folk music, dance, theatre and hand-painted masks, observed in several Bhagavati temples across central Kerala, particularly in and around Pattanamthitta. ‘Kolam thullal’ is an important part of the festival to appease Goddess Bhagwati through the performance of rhythmic dance steps to the music played by traditional instruments like the thappu, chenda, para and kumba while wearing leafy costumes and masks made from arecanut and coconut sheaths, which are painted into various forms with the use of natural pigments. The impersonators performing Kolam thullal (Mask dance) represent both the divine and the evil forms through various depictions.

Although the festival’s origins are rooted in history, contemporary practices involve different duties and responsibilities assigned to members of various communities in Kerala. The duration of the festival ranges from 7 to 28 days, depending on the temple’s tradition, with the final day typically being the most elaborate and grand and therefore called the ‘Valiya Kolam’.

Various areca sheath painted Masks used for Kolam thullal
Various areca sheath painted Masks used for Kolam thullal

The Padayani festival at Puthukkulangara Devi temple in Othera village, Pattanamthitta district, is one of Kerala’s renowned Padayani celebrations. This ten-day annual event takes place from the 03rd to the 12th day of the Meenam month of the Malayalam calendar, featuring various Kolam dances performed nightly in the temple courtyard as acts of devotion. All the masks used in the Padayani festival are hand-painted by skilled men on each day of the festival and discarded after each use. The highlight of the festival, however, is the ‘MahaBhairavi Kolam’ a grand mask crafted from 1001 areca sheaths that draws large crowds from across the region on the last night of the festival.

A brief itinerary of the 10-day-long Padayani festival at Othera Puthukkulangara Devi temple is listed below. It is also noteworthy that each ritualistic performance begins with Chootuvaippu and ends with a Chootuvalathu and Kotti Vilikkal. ‘Chootuvaippu’ is the burning of torches made with dried coconut fronds behind whom each performer walks to the Padayani arena. ‘Chootuvalathu’ is a circumambulation of the temple by the performer, including the ‘Kotti Vilikkal’, meaning to inform the goddess after the performance is done.

Day 1 (Chathayam Nakshatra): The festival officially starts with the hoisting of the Adavi Kollika, the traditional flag and the lighting of the ‘Bhadra Deepam’, a traditional brass lamp with 21 wicks. It is followed by the arrival of the Vetapoola offerings to the idols. After this, the performance of thappu kottu (traditional frame drums played by hand), Ettu Kappoli (a rhythmic performance of multiple traditional music instruments), and Pulavrittam (a ritualistic dance performed by men in a circular formation) set the stage for all other performances on each day of the festival, starting this day.

Day 2 (Pooruruttathi Nakshatra): The performance of Thavadi (a ritualistic dance performed by rows of men by clapping hands to the tunes of drums and cymbals) gets added to Thappu Kottu, Ettu Kappoli and Pulavrittam from this day. This day also marks the beginning of the Kolam thullal and Panchakolam, which is performed for the next three days.

Day 3 (Uthrattathi Nakshatra): The evening begins with a Thiruvattira dance performance followed by Thappu kottu, Ettu Kappoli, Pulavrittam, Thavadi, Kolam thullal and Panchakolam. The Panchakolam is accompanied by the Sundarayakshi Kolam on this day.

Kolams at Puthukulangara Devi padayani festival
Kolams at Puthukulangara Devi padayani festival. Clockwise from Top left: Yakshi; Top right: Pakshi; Bottom right: Kudiran; Bottom left: Bhairavi

Day 4 (Revathi Nakshatra): The Panchakolam is accompanied by the Kalayakshi and Bhairavi Kolam.

Day 5 (Ashwathi Nakshatra): This day includes Ettu Kappoli, Pulavrittam, Thavadi and the Kalankekalam Kolam.

Days 6 to 9: These days have performances of Ettu Kappoli, Pulavrittam, Thavadi and the Kalan Kolam.

Day 10 (Thiruvathira Nakshatra): All the rituals conducted over the last 9 days are repeated on this day. All the kolams come to the festival arena in a procession, which is traditionally called the ‘Nirathi Thullal’. Various Kolams alongside the Kakarisshi natakam and Paradeshi performances continue throughout the night, with the Mangalabhairavi Kolam and Poopada (A ritualistic dance performance to the music of percussion instruments and comic interludes) marking the end of the festival. A brief itinerary of the last evening of the Othera Padayani festival is indicated in the image below.

Day10 padayani festival itinerary- Othera
Day10 padayani festival itinerary- Othera

While all Kolams in the Padayani festival feature a human impersonator wearing a mask made from hand-painted areca sheaths, the MahaBhairavi Kolam stands out primarily because of its enormous size. A Bhairavi kolam is the largest wearable mask during Padayani, with the load resting on the wearer’s neck and shoulders, supported by their hands. In contrast, the MahaBhairavi is crafted from 1001 sheaths, all held in place by arranging them on a sturdy wooden frame from behind. It is nearly impossible for a single person to carry this. Therefore, after arranging the sheaths, the large mask/Kolam is lifted from the ground and mounted on a wooden cart using a crane. Community members then hand-draw the Kolam from the setup area to the Padayani arena. The cart is moved forward and backward three times to appease Goddess Bhadrakali, and the Kolam remains in the arena for several days, marking the festival’s conclusion.

Ladies are prohibited from entering the areas where the masks are painted and assembled. After the kolam is over, the masks are left for nature to take over them in its own way.

The MahaBhairavi Kolam at Puthukulangara Devi Padayani festival, Othera, Kerala

To summarise the entire experience in simple words, it was a festival so unique and unlike anything else I have experienced before. Based on the above itinerary shared by the temple authorities, my friend and I reached Othera by 05.30.p.m. At the same time, the procession of the sacred fire was in progress. Since the fire was accompanied by an elephant and devotees carrying thalapoli (a metal plate with rice, flowers, coconut and an earthen lamp), the narrow lane leading to the temple was blocked for vehicular movement, and we had to walk past to the temple. All the houses along the way had ‘Nela vilakku’ (the traditional brass lamp) with small pookalam (floral decorations) placed in front of their gates, as a greeting to the sacred fire at their homes.

After the procession reached the temple premises, it went towards the banks of the river Varattar for offerings and returned with tree branches. It was followed by cultural performances like Chendamelam, Vaniyakolam, Peacock dance, Kettukazhcha ceremony (procession of the bull-effigy), a parade of various folk-art forms like Malavazhiyattam, Amman Kudam (Karaga), etc. and the Nadaswaram Seva before the Kolam Thullal began extending right until dawn’s break. Simultaneously, the artists painted the masks, whilst another group of people readied the wooden frame on which the painted sheaths were later arranged. And finally, the fireworks went up while the horizontal wooden frame went up vertically, along with all the sheaths in place. We knew that the big wait was inching closer when we saw a crane carrying a man with a torch, lighting up the cotton burners attached to the MahaBhairavi Kolam. I believe it was a culturally immersive experience that one must experience at least once in their lifetime.

Various Folk artists at Puthukulangara Devi Padayani festival, Othera
Various Folk artists at Puthukulangara Devi Padayani festival, Othera

Othera is located about 4 km away from Chengannur, the nearest major town that is well connected with major cities like Bangalore and Chennai with direct trains and buses. One can conveniently hire an autorickshaw from Chengannur town to reach Othera.

To be continued as “An Onam Celebration I will never forget at Aranmula Parthasarthy Temple

10 Best Places to Visit in Dubai for First-Time Travelers

Anyone who is visiting Dubai for the first time is bound to be excited but also confused. The City of Gold is brimming with attractions, both modern and new. One of the seven emirates of the United Arab Emirates, Dubai has innumerable buildings, monuments, and attractions – some of them being world-record holders. Hence, it is natural to find oneself overwhelmed about the sheer number of places to visit and things to do here. So, if you have a Dubai visit visa and are gearing up for your holiday in this emirate city, here are the top 10 places you must visit in Dubai.

1. Dubai Mall

A mall may not be a typical tourist location. But Dubai Mall is no ordinary shopping mall. Spread around 12 million square feet, this is one of the largest shopping malls in the world and is home to over 1200 retail stores. But what sets it apart is that you will also find an aquarium, an underwater zoo, an ice rink, a kid-friendly theme park, a digital art museum, and entertainment avenues within its walls. You must also check out the Burj Lake right outside the mall, which plays the Dubai Fountain Show multiple times, every evening.

Dubai Mall
Dubai Mall

2. Burj Khalifa

One of the best places to visit in Dubai that you must not miss is the Burj Khalifa. Standing at the height of 829.8 meters, Burj Khalifa is the tallest building in the world. While the building has luxury hotels, restaurants, residential houses, and corporate offices, the most visited here is the observation decks on the 124th & 125th and 148th floors. Whichever observation deck you choose, you will get to see a 360-degree view of the entire city. Another highlight of you Burj Khalifa visit is to ride on one of the the fastest elevators in the world.

3. Desert Safari

One of the ultimate experiences in Dubai is the desert safari. It is quite thrilling to drive away from the city and spend an evening surrounded by the golden desert dunes. Moreover, the evening desert safari is filled with thrilling and entertaining activities as well. During the safari, you get to enjoy dune bashing, camel riding, and sandboarding. Belly dance and Tanoura dance performances are also arranged for your entertainment. Sunset photography, henna designing, falcon photography, and BBQ dinner are the highlights of the desert safari.

Desert Safari, Dubai
Desert Safari, Dubai

4. The View at Palm Jumeirah

The Palm Jumeirah is the pride and joy of Dubai. This is the largest manmade island in the world. But what makes it unique is its palm-shape. Spread around 5.72 square kilometre, Palm Jumeirah is made up of large trunk, 16 fronds, and a crescent at the top. The island is filled with luxurious hotels, villas, malls, restaurants, and buildings. To enjoy the complete view of the Palm Jumeirah, you must head to The View at The Palm Jumeirah, located on level 52 of the Palm Tower. Perched 240 meters above the ground, The View gives you an uninterrupted aerial view of the island. You can also visit the interactive exhibition that tells you all about the development of Palm Jumeirah.

5. Dubai Marina

If there is a place that reflects everything Dubai is known for, it has to be Dubai Marina. Luxurious, vibrant, and buzzing, Dubai Marina is the perfect place to spend an evening for everyone, be it honeymooning couples, families, thrill seekers, or youngsters looking for a memorable night out. It is a waterfront city built around a Venetian-style canal, which adds to its charm. You can walk around the 7-kilometer-long, Marina Walk, cruise on a dhow cruise or luxury yacht, visit the JBR Beach, dine at one of the fine dining restaurants, and check out some of the classiest nightclubs of Dubai.

Dubai Marina
Dubai Marina

6. Old Dubai

Glamour is something that defines Dubai for most people. However, if you want to see a different side of the city, a visit to Old Dubai is a must. Located on the shores of the Dubai Creek, Old Dubai is the historical and cultural heart of the city. The area is lined with traditional buildings and homes made of coral and gypsum. As you walk around the narrow-cobbled streets, you will see homes with wind towers, a fort turned into a museum (Dubai Museum), old buildings converted into boutique hotels and cafes, traditional markets or souks. A visit to Old Dubai is your chance to glimpse into how life in Dubai was in the yesteryears.

7. Dubai Miracle Garden

Dubai Miracle Garden is one of the top attractions in Dubai. True to its name, the Dubai Miracle Garden is truly a miracle, as it is the largest natural flower garden in the world. Spanning an area of 72,000 square meters, the Dubai Miracle Garden has more than 150 million flowers and plants. Moreover, these blooms are all presented in the form of jaw-dropping art installations. The 15-meter floral clock, Airbus A380, floral Mickey Mouse sculpture, etc., are some of the award-winning installations here. There are also floral castles, animal structures, passageways, and so much more to see here. The Dubai Miracle Garden is a seasonal attraction, open from October to March/April.

Dubai Miracle Garden
Dubai Miracle Garden

8. Ski Dubai

When Dubai’s warm desert climate becomes overwhelming, it is best to visit Ski Dubai, a winter paradise where you can have fun. This theme park is located inside Mall of Emirates and is the largest indoor ski park in the world. Here, you can enjoy winter sports like skiing, snowboarding, etc., all year long. There is a huge ski mountain that offers five difficulty levels. You can also try zorbing, tobogganing, tubing, ziplining, snow bullet, etc., here. It is also possible to play in real snow and see Genting and King Penguins at Ski Dubai.

9. The Green Planet

Dubai seems to do the impossible, and the Green Planet is a fine example of the same. The Green Planet is an indoor rainforest resting within a biodome. This is a vertical rainforest, with a large tree at its centre. The tree is divided into four parts: Canopy, Midstory, Forest Floor, and Flooded Forest, each representing the different features of a rainforest. During the tour of the rainforest, you will get to see different flora and fauna. More than 300 species of animals can be found here, including snakes, sloths, parrots, marmosets, porcupine, reptiles, echidna, etc. There are special experiences like animal encounters, being zookeeper for a day, and even a night tour.

10. Dubai Parks & Resorts

As a first-time traveller, your Dubai trip need not be only about sightseeing. If you want to have a day filled with fun, the city offers you Dubai Parks & Resorts. The place offers you not one but four world-class theme parks, and you can choose any one of them as per your interests. Motiongate Dubai is for Hollywood fans, while football lovers will have the time of their day at Real Madrid World. Both these theme parks have an amazing array of thrilling rides and rollercoasters. Families traveling with young kids must visit Legoland Dubai and Legoland Water Park. The World of Riverland Dubai and Neon Galaxy Indoor Playworld are also worth visiting.

Conclusion

There is no doubt that Dubai is an exciting place with lots of interesting places to visit and things to do, and one trip may not be enough to see and do everything. But do include most of the places mentioned here to understand the essence of the place.

Annapurna Base Camp & Circuit Trek – The Ultimate Himalayan Adventure

Imagine waking up to the sun rising over 8,000m Himalayan giants, the crisp mountain air filling your lungs, and trails that wind through vibrant rhododendron forests, terraced villages, and sparkling rivers. This is not just a trek—it’s a life-changing journey.

Welcome to Annapurna Base Camp (ABC) and the legendary Annapurna Circuit, where every step promises adventure, romance, culture, and breathtaking natural beauty.

The Annapurna region is magical for everyone, but especially:

1. Couples Seeking Romance:

  • Walk hand-in-hand along trails with panoramic views of Machapuchare (“Fishtail Mountain”)
  • Cozy teahouses in Ghorepani or Chhomrong make for perfect quiet nights
  • Sunrise at Poon Hill – a memory that lasts a lifetime

2. Adventure Seekers:

  • Cross the legendary Thorong La Pass at 5,416m
  • Trek through glacial rivers, high-altitude deserts, and lush subtropical valleys
  • Multiple trail options like Tilicho Lake or Nar Phu Valley for hardcore explorers

3. Cultural Enthusiasts & Food Lovers:

  • Experience Gurung and Thakali villages, interact with locals, and understand their traditions
  • Sample authentic local dishes like dal bhat, momo, and sel roti in mountain teahouses
  • Witness traditional festivals, rituals, and the energy of Himalayan communities

4. Nature Lovers & Photographers:

  • Panoramic Himalayan views, frozen waterfalls, alpine meadows, and serene lakes
  • Flora and fauna diversity, from rhododendron blooms in spring to snowy alpine landscapes in winter
  • Every trail offers Instagram-perfect viewpoints

Difficulty & Fitness Levels

| Trek | Duration | Difficulty | Fitness Level Needed | Best For |

|——|———-|————|——————-|———-|

| Annapurna Base Camp (ABC) | 7–12 days | Moderate | Average fitness; can handle 4–6 hrs/day | Couples, beginners, first-time trekkers |

| Annapurna Circuit | 12–20 days | Moderate to Challenging | Good fitness; must handle 6–8 hrs/day & high altitudes | Adventure seekers, experienced trekkers, culture lovers |

| Mardi Himal Trek | 5–7 days | Moderate | Average fitness; shorter days | Photographers, couples, offbeat trek lovers |

| Tilicho Lake Trek | 10–14 days | Challenging | High fitness; high-altitude trekking (4,919m) | Experienced trekkers, adventure enthusiasts |

| Ghorepani Poon Hill Trek | 4–6 days | Easy | Light fitness; beginner-friendly | Couples, beginners, short-trek lovers |

| Nar Phu Valley Trek | 12–15 days | Challenging | High fitness; remote trekking | Adventure seekers, offbeat cultural experience lovers |

Fitness Tips:

  • Start walking or light cardio before your trek
  • Do uphill training if possible
  • Hydrate and eat well during the trek
  • Take rest days for acclimatization

Why Annapurna is So Popular?

  • From subtropical forests to alpine meadows and snow-capped peaks
  • Glacial rivers, terraced farms, and waterfalls all along the way
  • Annapurna South, Machapuchare, Dhaulagiri, and Gangapurna—every step is a photo opportunity
  • Walk through Gurung, Thakali, and Tibetan-influenced villages
  • Explore ancient temples, monasteries, and local festivals
  •  Comfortable lodges, hearty food, and supportive local communities make it easier than remote treks
  • Couples, solo travelers, adventure junkies, culture lovers, foodies—all find something here
  • Start from Pokhara, just a few hours from Kathmandu
  • Trekking routes are well-mapped and can be customized
  • Sunrise hikes, remote passes, and cozy nights in teahouses
  • Authentic local food and energy-filled villages
  • A trek that is emotionally fulfilling as much as physically rewarding

Top Treks and Trails Around Annapurna

1. Annapurna Base Camp (ABC) Trek – Classic & Scenic

  • Duration: 7–12 days
  • Difficulty: Moderate
  • Highlights: Sunrise at Poon Hill, Machapuchare views, base camp 4,130m
  • Vibes: Peaceful, romantic, photogenic, and cozy

2. Annapurna Circuit – Epic Himalayan Adventure

  • Duration: 12–20 days
  • Difficulty: Moderate to Challenging
  • Highlights: Thorong La Pass, Muktinath Temple, Mustang landscapes
  • Vibes: Thrilling, spiritual, culturally immersive

3. Mardi Himal Trek – Hidden Gem

  • Duration: 5–7 days
  • Difficulty: Moderate
  • Highlights: Close-up views of Machapuchare
  • Vibes: Offbeat adventure, intimate experience, perfect for photographers

4. Tilicho Lake Trek – Ultimate Challenge

  • Duration: 10–14 days
  • Difficulty: Challenging
  • Highlights: One of the world’s highest lakes (4,919m)
  • Vibes: Remote, pristine, for hardcore trekkers

5. Ghorepani Poon Hill Trek – Quick & Rewarding

  • Duration: 4–6 days
  • Difficulty: Easy
  • Highlights: Sunrise views, short trek
  • Vibes: Romantic, accessible, colorful trails

6. Nar Phu Valley Trek – Offbeat Adventure

  • Duration: 12–15 days
  • Difficulty: Challenging
  • Highlights: Tibetan-style villages, untouched culture
  • Vibes: Remote, adventurous, culturally enriching

Best Seasons to Trek

  • Spring (March–May): Rhododendron blooms, clear skies, perfect views
  • Autumn (September–November): Best visibility, pleasant weather, and festive vibes
  • Winter (December–February): Snowy trails, peaceful and less crowded
  • Monsoon (June–August): Lush greenery, waterfalls, and serene forests

Insider Tips

  • Acclimatize properly for high passes like Thorong La
  • Pack layers: weather changes fast in the Himalayas
  • Carry trekking poles for comfort
  • Try local foods and interact with villagers—they make the trek magical
  • Start from Pokhara for convenient access and pre-trek relaxation

The Annapurna region is more than a trek—it’s a complete Himalayan experience. 

  • For couples, it’s romance amid majestic peaks 
  • For adventure seekers, it’s thrill and challenge 
  • For culture lovers, it’s immersion into Himalayan life 
  • For foodies, it’s a journey of flavors and mountain hospitality 

Every trail, every meal, every sunset here becomes a story you’ll carry forever. Annapurna isn’t just a trek—it’s a journey of the heart, mind, and soul.

Celebrating the chariot of light- Purapaadu Festival at Cheriyanaad

When I visited Pattanamthitta for the first time, I was blown away by the natural and cultural landscapes of this district. But little did I know I would return here more often than I expected. Each time, to experience a new festival. In this post, I am going to talk about my experience of the Purapaadu Festival at Cheriyanaad.

It is the annual festival of the Shri Bala Subramanya Swami temple, which usually falls on the first day of the Kumbham month of the Malayalam calendar. The Purapaadu festival is mostly known for the celebration of Pallivilakku, a grand procession of oil-lit lamps taken on wooden temple cars along the temple street on the night of the 5th day of the temple festival. It also aligns closer to the Thaipooyam and the Kavadiyettam celebration at the temple. The Shri Bala Subramanya Swami temple is in Cheriyanaad, a village in the current Allapuzha district of Kerala. Cheriyanaad lies on the border between the erstwhile kingdoms of Kayamkulam and Pandalam. Hence, its proximity is the same as that to Pattanamthitta.

Based on my study across multiple sources of information, I have put up a brief itinerary with some of the main events during the Purappadu festival as follows.

Purapaad festival 2026 itinerary
Purapaad festival 2026 itinerary
Source: Cheriyanaad Bala Subramanya temple Instagram handle

Day 1: Kodiyetttam– This is the ceremonial flag hoisting to signify the formal inauguration of the festival.

Day 2, 3 & 4: Special poojas and offerings to lord Bala Subramanya Swami.

Day 5: Pallivilakku / The Procession of lamps: 03:00 a.m. onwards, followed by the Thiruvabharanamchart (exhibition of the deity’s ornaments) and the ritual of putting a garland on the feet of the main idol, at around 5:30 a.m.

The temple car getting ready for the Purapaad festival, Cheriyanad
The temple car getting ready for the Purapaad festival

Day 6: The first time coming out ceremony of the deity, which includes the morning service starting at around 04:30 a.m. onwards and the circumambulation of the temple with the deity’s idol on a palanquin at around 05:30 p.m.

Day 9: Skanda Shashti: People keep fast on this day, followed by rituals like Shashti Pooja at around noon and the Peacock chariot procession from 07:00p.m. onwards.

Day 10: Arattu: this is the “sacred bath,” marking the final ritual of a 10-day temple festival.

During the early hours of the 5th morning of the festival, around 13 wooden chariots representing 13 karas (surrounding villages) are taken on a procession along the road extending from the Shri Bala Subramanya Swami temple and the Padanilam. These wooden chariots are decorated with oil-lit lamps made with the empty shells of the chaulmoogra fruit (Hydnocarpus pentandrus, locally called Marotti in Malayalam) and are pulled manually by men representing each kara shouting slogans in the name of lord Subramanya.

The illuminated temple car Purapaad festival, Cheriyanad
The illuminated temple car

After a coconut-breaking ceremony and the lighting of the Nilavilakku (the traditional floor lamp), the procession begins. Five large chariots lead the convoy. A railway track crosses this path and has a height gauge installed. Hence, the medium-sized or larger 04 chariots at the trailing end will reach only this point and then return to the temple. 03 decorated elephants of the temple accompany the remaining 04 smaller chariots and make it past this railway crossing to join the leading 05 chariots at the Padanilam ground. The Padanilam ground, which was once a battleground, is also called the ‘Shastham Kunnu’ because it had a temple dedicated to Shasthavu and a fortified raised platform.

A large Pookkalam is made at the Shastham Kunnu, where a small shrine is set up and decorated with thousands of banana bunches. The procession culminates here with the chariots carrying the lamps parked in a circle, and the elephants perform the final rituals. The first bunches of bananas are fed to the elephants, and the remaining are distributed as prasada among everyone who has gathered there.

My friend and I arrived at the temple late in the evening on the 4th day, before the Pallivilakku. We saw a few devotees on the highway, walking towards the temple carrying the Kavadis. Though these kavadi bearers were performing this ritual quite early, it is to be noted that this year’s Kavadi festival at the Cheriyanaad Bala Subramanya Swami temple was scheduled to happen back-to-back. I will share the Kavadi festival itinerary at the end of this post.

The Nadaswaram Seva at Subramanya temple, Cheriyanad
The Nadaswaram Seva at Subramanya temple, Cheriyanad

Coming back to our story of the Purapaadu festival, and upon our arrival at the temple, the wooden chariots were still being prepared and assembled on the road leading to the entrance. Inside the premises, 03 elaborately decorated elephants stood in front of a beautifully laid Pookalam, at the end of which the Nadaswaram Seva began. The Seva was deeply soulful, and the music continued to play in my mind even after the ritual was completed. We had the darshana of the lord at his sanctum sanctorum and watched other devotees offer their prayers in the form of donations of paddy and other grains.

We then followed the crowd towards the open-air auditorium and found ourselves seated amid hundreds of others on the ground. Shortly after, all lights were turned off, whistles and hoots sounded, and there was total darkness. An interesting event was about to begin. It was the first time I was watching a stage cinema. The cinema went on for a couple of hours while the wooden chariots were being prepared for the grand show.

Halfway through the cinema, we decided to take a stroll along the procession trail. We watched all the lamps being arranged, oil being filled and lit. We also spoke with the locals to understand the traditions and to find a good vantage point to view all the lit chariots as they moved. Finally, the procession commenced around 04:00 a.m., and it was indeed a walk I will remember, one of spectacle and memories. And oh! I picked up a few fallen Marotti lamps and kept them as a souvenir before bidding goodbye to this wonderful festival.

The pookalam at Padinalam ground, Cheriyanad
The pookalam at Padinalam ground, Cheriyanad

Cheriyanaad is located about 8 km away from Chengannur, the nearest major town. Frequent public buses ply between Cheriyanaad and Chengannur if you are commuting during the day. Since we commuted after sunset and before sunrise hours, we hired an autorickshaw that was easily available from Chengannur town. While Cheriyanaad has its own railway station, Chenganur is well connected with major cities like Bangalore and Chennai with direct trains. However, I travelled by a direct bus due to my work schedule. We booked accommodation at Chengannur town, the nearest place to avail a decent lodging facility.

Shri Bala Subramanya Swami temple at Cheriyanaad is also known for its Thaipusam and Kavadiyattam festival. In 2026, it started on the day following the Purappad festival. This is brief information on the same.

  • Day 1: Idumban Pooja, a sacred ritual dedicated to Idumban, the devotee and guardian of Lord Murugan’s shrines, is performed. It is performed to seek permission to carry the Kavadi and involves offering prayers to Idumban with milk and fruits.
  • Day 2 & 3: dedicated to various rituals involved in Kavadi Alms.
  • Day 4: Thaiposam & Kavadiyattam festival involving three main types of Kavadis as mentioned below:
  • Paal Kavadi: Pots of milk are carried on the heads.
  • Mayil Kavadi: Decorated with peacock feathers to represent the peacock, the vehicle of Subramanya Swami.
  • Vel Kavadi: Involves different types of body piercings by the devotees, like the skin, cheeks and tongue, with “vel” (spears). (You can also read about the ‘Mayana Kollai festival‘ to understand similar rituals that are performed in Tamil Nadu.)

To be continued as “A grand celebration of masks- Padayani Festival at Othera

Goa backpacking: Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary

Continued from Goa backpacking: Makarotsav Celebration and Temple Hopping.

Based out of Colva, my friend and I had hired a motorbike to explore Goa. Our plan for today was to see some prehistoric sites, take a dip at one of the nearby waterfalls and return to Colva by late evening. With a set of clothes for changing and a towel for each of us, we had woken up to start our day quite early. But the rain gods had brutally taken over the skies, and hence, our day started late.

I was about 10 a.m. when the rain slowed to drizzle, and we left our cottage. We stopped for a quick breakfast in Madgaon before continuing. Using Google Maps, we headed to our first destination: the ancient Buddhist meditation cave at Rivona. Although we struggled slightly with the directions initially, we managed to find the site through local inquiries, without too much trouble. The asphalt road first passes through a residential area before reaching a large natural pond. At this point, the road splits, and we took a muddy route to the right, stopping at a small grassland at the end. From there, a small staircase carved into the laterite ground leads down. We were unexpectedly greeted by a security guard from the ASI (Archaeological Survey of India), who checked our attendance before we entered the cave. We were told a guide is usually available, but none was present at the time. We took a few photos before leaving. If you’re not interested in history and are just a tourist, I recommend skipping this site.

Buddhist cave at Rivona, Goa
Buddhist cave at Rivona, Goa

From there, we continued to follow the maps to our next destination- Usgalimal village, one that I was most excited about. For the first time, I was going to see petroglyphs, that too in Goa! The muddy trail that splits across the main road passes through thick forest right up to where the Google Map Pin takes you. After passing through a stretch of confusing deviations, patches of open grasslands and a laterite pond, the location pin finally took us to the banks of the river Kushavati, We parked our bike at the security post and wrote our names in the logbook. The security guard then walked along with us, guiding us through the riverbank. He showed us around various depictions/ Petroglyphs carved on the laterite stone bed of the river. He helped us identify several of the 100+ carvings discovered there, among which were various hunting scenes, several domesticated and wild animals, a trident, a labyrinth, etc., some of the notable ones. Seeing something like this for the first time piqued a new interest within me to learn more about Petroglyphs and ancient rock art, which I would want to travel to in future to explore.

Petroglyphs at Usgalimal, Goa
Petroglyphs at Usgalimal, Goa

After spending enough time trying to observe and decipher the art there, we casually asked the guard accompanying us if there was a spot somewhere nearby where we could take a dip in the river. He thought for a moment and nodded while looking at the riverbank on the other side. There’s a spice & areca farm across, where you can approach the caretakers to permit you into the safer section of the river that passes through the property. We thanked him for the recommendation, picked up our luggage from the bike, and crossed a little brook across the river, where we were able to secure our permission. There are NO words to describe the joy our two little hearts had found inside the safe, sweet and soulful waterbody. With just the two of us swimming and enjoying ourselves in the water all the while, we did not realise that we had spent over 2 hours already without being bothered by the rain that bashed down or by any deadlines to get back to waiting families back home. But soon it struck us that we had to make the most of the time when the rain had taken a break. Since we had already spent a lot of time at Usgalimal waters, we skipped our original plan to swim in the waterfalls later. We quickly changed into fresh clothes and got the bike running again.

Not too long after we hit the road, the rain gods took over again, and the terrain changed to an even denser canopied area. A little board read that we had officially entered the Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary. The natural light had become less, and riding harder due to the constant bashing of the heavy rain and wind. We had no option to stop in between since the houses were scarce along the forest, and we had to reach the destination before it got too late so that we could return to Colva safely before it was too late.

River Kushavati, Usgalimal, Goa
River Kushavati, Usgalimal, Goa

Upon our arrival at the forest gate, we were told that the entry to the waterfalls was closed at 05:00 p.m. We had arrived at 05:05 p.m. The forest personnel did not oblige us, even after several requests and explanations of our long ride back and forth. Now we had two options- One, skip exploring the sanctuary altogether, and return to Colva. Two, find accommodation nearby and explore Netravali (also called Netraulim) at leisure on the following day. We took a moment to think over, looked up at the constantly pounding rain and decided to stay back in Netravali. Even if we wanted to skip visiting places, riding back in the rain and darkness would only be next to madness.

Since the eco-stay run by the Goa forest department was all booked, the guards helped us to find a local homestay nearby. Shortly, our stay was arranged with a local family, and it got dark after that. We took a shower and changed back to the same clothes (there was no other option), devoured a comforting hot meal before retiring for the night.

After waking up in the morning, we watched our host light up a lamp at the Tulsi katte in their courtyard and milk their cows in the shed attached to the family home. We had our breakfast and left towards the forest gates soon after. In fact, we wanted to be the first visitors for the day so that we could avoid the crowd and start our return ride as early as we could. So, there are two waterfalls as one enters the gated area, which require separate permits. We were briefed about the condition of the roads leading to both and asked to register ourselves accordingly at the entry. We decided to visit the Mainapi waterfall by hiring a forest Jeep and riding our bike to the Neturlem (Saoli) waterfall later.

Waterfalls in Netravali Wildlife sanctuary, Goa
Left: Mainapi waterfall. Right: Saoli Waterfall. Netravali Wildlife sanctuary, Goa

The adventurous 5km drive to Mainapi waterfall constituted a crazy, bumpy drive on the rocky-hilly road cutting through thick canopied forest and river crossings. Further, a short hike down to the waterfall was accompanied by leeches, brightly coloured miniature crabs, frogs and other insects found commonly during monsoons. The first glimpse of the waterfalls had our breath pause for a moment. We hadn’t expected anything so beautiful in Goa, which is otherwise popular for its beaches. Thanks to the monsoons, the path further down to the waterfall was blocked for safety reasons. We sat down on the stairs, watching the water roaring down in all its might until we realised that a couple of leeches had entered my raincoat. I had to quickly get them out and also head back to keep the day’s schedule under control. After a good, bumpy drive back to the forest office, we returned to the forest on our bike. The road was good right up to the start point of the Saoli waterfall. After parking the bike, a short descent down the stairs leads us to the banks of the Saoli waterfall. We could get into the water, but the currents were still strong, and the water looked muddy from the heavy rain. We spent some time there, too, before exiting the forest gates.

We returned to the homestay where our host had promised to take us around their ancestral village. After a short drive in their car, we arrived in front of an old mansion, which was the ancestral home of our host, the Desai family. It was very interesting for me to walk into a traditional Hindu home because its history dated back to even before the Catholic-Portuguese mansions which I had seen thus far elsewhere in Goa. As we entered through the towering arch-like entrance to this house, we were greeted by a large open courtyard, which was divided into dwelling spaces for each member of the family. To the left of the entrance was a space dedicated to the sacred arms once used by the ancestors of the family. We were told that some even had the original blood stains with a history of valour and martyrdom dating centuries. Laterite walls, red-oxide floor and clay tiles set on wooden beams- it invoked nostalgia instantly. While the kids surrounded us in excitement to tell us about their stories from the rooms, the senior women wove garlands with colourful flowers picked from their backyard while being entertained by the chatter of their husbands. They were all happy to have us amongst them.

Goan Homestay
Top: View from our homestay; Bottom: Courtyard of the ancestral home

We then walked through the exit door on the back side, passing by a series of bathrooms where we could hear the water in the firewood-lit boilers. As rain-fed streams came to life while walking through their rubber plantation, we crossed a little river to arrive at Datta-Gufa, a family-maintained temple. This is an important temple in the village accessible from the main road as well, but we were more privileged to get private access from the other side. After spending time on their property, we returned to the homestay from where we took our bike and commenced our return ride towards Colva.

En route, our first stop was at the Gopinath temple in Netravali. The temple is rather popular for its sacred tank. Fondly called Bud-bud Lake, the pond water is believed to bubble up when one claps while standing in front of it. We too did witness the interesting phenomena, but felt it did so as a response to some other air pressure occurring naturally in the otherwise silent environment. In any case, it was something we were experiencing for the first time.

From there, we started to ride again to make the most of the time when the rain seemed to have taken a break. A short ride ahead were directions to ASI sites like the ancient ruins of Sri Lakshmi Narayani temple and Kajur Petroglyphs. But by seeing the Google Photos uploaded by past visitors, we decided to give them a miss. Shortly, we reached Rivona. Someshwar Sansthan, Jawali Damodar Sansthan and Vimleshwar temple were landmarks and renowned local temples that we visited along our ride. This has been written about separately in my previous post: Goa backpacking: Makarotsav Celebration and Temple Hopping. We had a quick coffee break at Margaon before reaching our home during the trip at Colva.

To be continued as Goa backpacking: Day trip to Rachel and Big Foot.

Goa backpacking: Makarotsav Celebration and Temple Hopping

Continued from Goa backpacking: Mahavir National Park.

I returned to Goa with a friend to spend our Dasara vacation and we chose to stay put at the same homestay in Colva that was our base while my family and I had explored Madgaon, Old Goa, and its surroundings during our earlier visit. Everybody associates Goa with the yuletide cheer, but my friend and I were more inclined towards experiencing Goa’s unique tradition of Makarotsav as part of the Dasara festival celebration. We had heard about it through our friends belonging to the Saraswat Brahmin communities, most of whose Kula devata (patron God of their community) happen to be in Goa.

“Makar’ is a boxy frame like swing decorated beautifully and carries the idol of the deity. It is rocked to the rhythmic beats of dhols, Tasha, temple bells along with Aarti. The history of this unique Dasara tradition dates to the 16th Century. During the Portuguese rule, several Hindu temples were destroyed across Goa. Many people fled these places overnight and arrived at the forests of Ponda region to take refuge.

It is said that these Hindus also carried their deities along with them which were installed across the region. Since then, Makarotsav has become a symbolic celebration. The act of ‘Swinging the deity’ is a representation of their God being with them in times of hardship, moving, swaying and living among the people.

The original sites at which the idols were installed eventually saw significant renovations under the Maratha rule. The style of temple architecture is typical to the region and is a blend of domes, pillars, and large lamp posts/towers in the courtyard. Some of the oldest structures that still stand strong bear the original wooden bars, intricate paintings alongside reliefs and carvings in their original condition. Water tanks or Kalyanis, are integral to the vast premises housing these temples.

Today, Ponda has the highest density of Hindu temples across the state of Goa and therefore revered as the Temple town of Goa. ‘Makarotsav’ is celebrated in most temples in and around Ponda which can be broadly classified into three categories. Temples that worship Shiva, Temples that worship Vishnu and Temples that worship Parvathi (Shakthi). Goddess Parvathi is worshipped as Shanta Durga and is believed to be the guardian of every village.

The legend has it that Goddess Shantadurga is the one who mediated peace between Shiva & Vishnu when they fought to establish who was the greatest among the two of them. Hence, her name is Shanta+Durga, a combination of two words ‘Shanthi+Shakthi. The Goddess is (Peaceful) Gentle enough to resolve any egos and (Brave) fierce enough to slay any demons. There are over 20 temples dedicated to Shantadurga located across Ponda and its surroundings where one can participate in Makarotsav.

The celebration happens simultaneously at different temples on all nine days of the Navaratri /Dasara festival, usually starting by 08.00.p.m. and finishing by 11.00.p.m. Hence, it is difficult to cover all temples in just 1 or 2 days, and requires detailed scheduling to take part in as many Makarotsavs as possible.

Shri Shantadurga temple, Kavalem
Shri Shantadurga temple, Kavalem

Below is the list of temples we visited on one of the evenings. We had planned them considering their proximity to each other and before knowing the timing of the Makarotsav at each temple.

1. Shree Shanta Durga, Kavalem (Temple dedicated to goddess Parvathi): This was our first stop by around 08.00.p.m. The outside of this temple felt like a village fair with lot of makeshift stalls selling things. It was crowded at the time of our visit, and we saw the Makar still being decorated extremely elaborately. We waited for some time in the belief that the utsav would start but we were told that it was scheduled for later at 10.30.p.m. Meanwhile, we were invited for dinner at the temple’s dining hall. However, we chose to politely reject since we had eaten a light meal before arriving. We decided to visit other temples in our list without spending further time waiting there. Our plan was to witness the utsav at whichever temple we arrived at, at the time or return to this place by 10.30.p.m as the case may turn out.

2. Shri Shanta Durga Shankleshwari temple, Veling (Temple dedicated to goddess Parvathi): It was roughly 09.30.p.m. when we arrived here by chance, on our pursuit to a different temple. But we considered ourselves most fortunate as we had come just in time before the Makarotsav started. We found ourselves on the floor, somewhere in the front with a good view of the Makar. The celebration lasted for about 45 minutes post which a large queue was formed to distribute the prasada offerings comprising of Black-chana dal salad, cut fruits and whole fruits. We devoured them and quickly proceeded towards the next temple located a short distance away where we were told that the Makarotsav was about to begin.

Shri Shantadurga Shankaleshwari Makarotsav
Shri Shantadurga Shankaleshwari Makarotsav

3. Shree Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Veling (Temple dedicated to Vishnu): The most beautiful temple I have been to on this trip, the temple complex has retained most of its old-world feel. The smell of seasoned wood used in its constructions, the frescos and paintings and the moss-laden temple tank with a backdrop of coconut and banana trees had all my heart. The Makarotsav began by 10.00.p.m. with the idol of Lord Narasimha and it was a transcending experience. The prasada was distributed to all devotees to wherever they were seated and the crowd dispersed immediately after the utsav had ended.

Shri Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Veling, Goa
Shri Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Veling

4. Shree Mahalasa Narayani, Mardol (Temple dedicated to Shakthi): Mahalasa is venerated in two forms in Goa. Mahalasa Narayani to be a female avatar (Mohin) of Vishnu and as a form of Parvathi, consort of Khandoba (a form of Shiva). One of the must-visit temples in this circuit, we missed the Makarotsav as the timing overlapped with Shree Lakshmi Narasimha temple and hence, we could only see the temple by requesting us get a glimpse while the security guards were closing the gates and not witness the Utsav.

5. Shree Mangesh temple, Mardol (Temple dedicated to Shiva): Our next stop was at yet another famous temple in this circuit, well after everything had wrapped up for the day. It was well past 11.30.p.m and hence, I had to make peace just seeing the temple arch.

6. Shree Kamakshi, Shirodha (Temple dedicated to goddess Parvathi): We visited this temple around afternoon, hence could not see the Makarotsav. However, the Makar was available but closed for viewing until evening. But for us the visit, though in the afternoon was still a highlight of temple hopping thus far because we had ended up here by chance on a random countryside exploration of Rachol (Written about in a separate post). But I got lucky to devour the hearty lunch at the temple distributed to everybody who came. Genuinely, it was unexpected and tasted so divine. We spent enough time resting on its courtyard before proceeding towards our next destination.

Shri Kamakshi temple, Shiroda, Goa
Shri Kamakshi temple, Shiroda

7. Vimleshwar temple, Rivona (Temple dedicated to Shiva): We arrived at this temple just when it had opened early in the evening and while we were on our way back from our Netravali exploration (Written about in a separate post). We did see the Makar carrying the idol of Lord Vimleshwar and all decorated for the Utsav but were quite early for the Utsav which was scheduled to start later around 08.00.p.m. as per the priest with whom we got talking. Without anybody else at the time of our visit and the strong energy of the temple itself, it was truly a wonderful time.

8. Damodar Sansthan, Fatorda (Temple dedicated to Shiva): Despite Damodar recognized as one of the names of Lord Vishnu elsewhere across regions where Hinduism is practiced, it is a reference to Lord Shiva in Goa. A massive temple complex in expanse, we happened to drop by here while on our way to Colva from Netravall. Our visit was unplanned. Hence, our attire was messy, and rain soaked but not as bad that we had to be chased out of the temple by the presiding priest. Therefore, we left without seeing the idol or anything else inside the temple despite having stepped inside.

The main deity inside the sanctum sanctorum is worshipped in various forms like anthill, wooden sculpture, Kalasa, brass, bronze idols etc. depending on the local legend about the deity. However, the Utsava Moorthi (idol) placed in the Makar is different from that worshipped inside the sanctum.

As a basic feature of all Makarotsavs, the rocking/ swinging of the wooden frame (Makar) to rhythmic sound of the instruments and Aarti is same across all temples. However, the beats of the music and the procedures preceding or succeeding the Utsav differ slightly from temple to temple. Once the swinging ceremony is completed, the following rituals may vary from temple to temple. For example, we witnessed it at two temples.

At the Shri Shanta Durga Shankleshwari temple in Veling, the floral decorations adorning the deity are auctioned among the gathered people. This is a way of raising funds for the upkeep of the temple and its maintenance. The prasad was served where in the devotees had to stand in queue to collect it. At the Shree Lakshmi Narasimha temple, The Prasada was distributed in pre-packed disposable leaf bowls to wherever the devotees were seated even as the Makarotsav was going on. There was no auctioning of anything associated with the temple or the Pooja. Even waste bins were kept across the main hall to collect the waste so that all could leave the premises as soon as the celebration was over and the gates were quickly closed for the day.

While the Makar was adorned and kept ready for viewing of everyone at the Vimleshwar temple by 05.00.p.m., at the other Shanta Durga temples that we visited, the decorated Makar was closed with a curtain and opened for public viewing just before the start of the Aarti. This might be something else in other temples.

If you know any other practice at any other temple that celebrates Makarotsav, share it with me in the comments below.

To be continued as Goa backpacking: Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary.

Goa backpacking: Mahavir National Park

I am not a person who enjoys large social gatherings with heart thumping loud music and parties. For me relaxation comes in silence, slowness and engaging in self-paced activities. I had always thought and heard about the cultural amalgamation that Goa is and what Goa must have been before the Europeans came. I have friends from the Saraswat Brahmin communities who always mentioned that the temple of their Kula devata (patron God of their community) was in Goa despite their long history of residence in Karnataka. Infact, the name Goa itself is a corrupted version of GauMantak, a Sanskrit word meaning ‘Land of Cows’, a sacred animal as per Hindu mythology. I wanted to learn more about this cultural amalgamation brought in by the influence of the Portuguese and that is why I decided to spend my post-monsoon vacation in the southern parts of this state. Through a fortnight long on a backpacking trip, I explored Mollem- Old Goa- Rivona-Netravali-Colva- Ponda-Rachol- Louterim- Shiroda-Palolem-Panjim. In this post, I would like to share the places we explored in and around Mollem.

My family and I started our drive from Bangalore by early morning and arrived at the nature-stay / an eco-friendly luxury resort we had booked at Mollem by late afternoon. Fortunately, or unfortunately for us, it had been pouring cats and dogs since the previous day of our arrival. Unfortunate because, driving in the rain was extremely blinding; Fortunate because, heavier the rains, better would be the sight for which we had driven down all the way. So what sight am I talking about? We had specifically booked this resort to do the night walk with them in the rainforests due to its proximity to the Mahavir National park. The night walk was a unique way to explore the lesser known “Nightlife” of Goa, a night crawl that introduced us to the nocturnal flora and fauna of the region rather than the bars and pubs.

The lunch and dinner menu featured an all-local cuisine made with only locally sourced ingredients and tasted divine. Post dinner, we wore our raincoats, gumboots and headtorches and marched towards the forest after a short briefing. A guzzling water-steam flowing somewhere along in proximity stayed invisible in the darkness. Spiders, lizards, scorpions (that glowed under UV light), snakes and several types of mushrooms kept us accompanied in the constantly pouring rain during the entire walk. We then arrived at a spot in the middle of the forest, surrounded by massive trees and thick canopies. Our guide asked us to turn off all artificial lights and close our eyes for about a minute. It was for our eyes to set into the darkness of the forest after walking with flashlights until there. When we opened, we were all stunned by what our eyes beheld. The entire forest floor and the tree trunks were lit like radium. We were witnessing truly magical moments as bioluminescence was seen at its peak. The luminous fungi growing all over the ground, on tree trunks and even tiny wigs below my feet were glowing in the dark. An experience that I had wished to witness since so rftany years had finally come true.

The same Mushroom photographed during day(left) and night(right). Spores can be seen under torchlight at night.

We then returned to our cottages still holding the magic of the flowing forests still in our eyes. The other times of witnessing nature’s magic with light have been documented in separate posts.

It was still raining as we devoured our breakfast and checked out of the resort. Our first visit was to Tambdi-Surla Mahadev temple. This is the oldest surviving Hindu temple in Goa, established by the Kadamba-Yadava dynasty and dates to 12th Century CE. It was a peaceful little temple built on the bank of the river Surla, whose upstream forms a cascading waterfall called by the same name. However, due to the monsoons, entry into the river or the hiking to the waterfall was prohibited at the time of our visit.

Tambdi Mahadev Temple, Goa
Tambdi Mahadev Temple at Tambdi Surla

Upon our return from the Tambdi-Surla Mahadev temple, we were enchanted by the green cover all along the way. It was so tempting to the point that we parked our car by the roadside and simply walked into the neon green meadows running parallel to the road. We jumped across a tiny rainfed stream flowing across teak plantations which led us straight into a place that looked like a Windows wallpaper. We took lots of photos before coming across another random location on google maps that was named as a ‘crater lake’. Curious to find out what the lake was, we drove a little further and hiked a short distance by following google maps until we came across a small round shaped lake in the middle of a forest. I am still unsure if that was man-made or a natural pond which looked almost perfectly rounded in shape, but nevertheless it was a beautiful setting for yet another set of photography.

The Crater lake at Goa
The Crater Lake at Mollem National park, Goa

The stretch was mostly cut-off from mobile Connectivity, and we loved the peace we found amidst the chaotic monsoon drive. We occasionally stopped by at shops running in the backyards of small homes along the way to use free Wi-Fi in the name of drinking chai or coffee, local snacks sold in glass jars. It was thus far a beautiful trip exploring Mollem and Mahavir National Park.

We then proceeded towards Colva where we found our home for the next few days to explore the least explored places in Goa beyond beaches and parties. To be continued as Goa backpacking: Makarotsav Celebration and Temple Hopping.

10 offbeat things to do in Hampi

From a tourist’s perspective, Hampi can be broadly divided into two parts, separated by the Tungabhadra River. The heritage site of historical ruins is in the Vijayanagar district, whilst places of mythological importance and most homestays offering local experiences are concentrated in the Koppal district side (This is popular as the Hippie island). So, if one is planning a trip to Hampi for the first time, this geographical classification should provide you with a brief idea before you arrive there.

Everybody knows Hampi and there is enough content widely available on places to explore in this historical town. But here are some lesser-known experiences that I loved during my repeated visit to this UNESCO heritage site.

1. Sunrise at Matanga hills: How much amazement can your voracious vision hold? “Boundless” defines the view from the top of the Matanga hills. It was a dreamy view of the entire historical town in its ruined form scattered across the river flowing from one end to the other. And adding to the already picture-perfect frame was a bloody red rising sun in the backdrop. This is by far the BEST sunrise of my life. The early morning climb up the hill and the wait in the cold winds was so worth it that I had goosebumps watching the magic unfold.

Sunrise at Matanga hills
Sunrise at Matanga hills

2. Sunset at Hemkuta hills: A short ascent to the rocky hill by the side of the Virupaksa temple leads you to this best spot to catch the sunset at Hampi. Comfortable benches or the grainy-pebbly ground, you can choose the surface to just lose yourself in experiencing the glorious horizons of Hampi turn from Indigo to blue to misty to bright to rosy to a star-studded sky.

Sunset at Hemkuta hills
Sunset at Hemkuta hills

3. Bathing in the canal water: This is a closely guarded secret. There are irrigation canals passing through the villages in which you want to enjoy a quick dip, only if you befriend a local. If you do not get to enter the water, no worries, simply sitting by its side and seeing the time go by itself would be so comforting.

Water canals of Hampi
Water canals of Hampi

4. Coracle riding & elephant bathing: The river flows right behind the Virupaksa temple, and the temple elephant has a daily schedule of taking a shower in the river. Time your visit right and you can lend your helping hand too. A small ticket can help you cross the river on a coracle-a traditional round flat-bottomed boat built by knitting seasoned bamboo or cane. You can also see locals transporting their bicycles and motorcycles across the river through these boats.

Elephant bathing in Tunga river at Hampi
Elephant bathing in Tunga river at Hampi

5. Cycle tour around the historical monuments: Several shops rent out bicycles to tourists. If you have a tourist map in hand and the luxury of time, trust me, it is one of the highly recommended ways to explore Hampi. For a little more comfort on a sunny day, you can opt for an autorickshaw with a good driver dueling as your tour guide.

Stone Chariot- Hampi
Stone Chariot- Hampi

6. Sunrise at Anjanadri Betta: Believed to be the birthplace of Lord Hanuman, it is frequented by pilgrims which tends to receive higher footfalls as the day progresses. So, if you make it to the peak of this hill as early for sunrise, you can enjoy the view of the surroundings in peace and calm.

7. Sunset at Bala Anjaneya Betta: Another popular spot in the hippie island, it is best when visited during sunset.

8. Bouldering: This area is part of the larger Deccan plateau, and the rocky boulder terrain forms its core geographical feature. Short workshops in free hand bouldering is a great way to either learn a new skill or simply let the inner monkey in you to hang around in the land of the monkey kingdom (it is the birthplace of Lord Hanuman after all).

9. Bike riding in the paddy fields of Gangavathi: Gangavathi is called the rice bowl of Karnataka, and this is where you can see infinite stretches of green paddy fields. Now imagine large boulders and bare old trees standing scattered across these green fields as if they had witnessed all the stories of the past. And then you cut across on a moped or a motorbike casually soaking up this view. Trust me the views will linger in your mind long after you leave Hampi.

10. Cliff jumping & Coracle riding at Sanapur lake: This is not really a lake but the backwaters of a reservoir. It offers amazing activities to get your adrenaline rushing while you jump off a cliff to the depths and a crazy coracle ride along the rapid of the waterbody. A must do while you are on a trip to Hampi.

Sanapur lake
Sanapur lake

Are you going to try these experiences on your next trip to Hampi? Or what else have I missed out in this list? Tell me in the comments below.

getting lost in traveling through places and time…